While the exact cause of CP often remains unknown, several factors contribute to its development:

Prematurity and low birth weight increase the risk due to underdeveloped brains and susceptibility to infections and brain bleeds.
Infections during pregnancy, complications during childbirth, genetic disorders, head

1. Spastic: Characterized by stiff muscles, exaggerated reflexes, and difficulties with walking, this is the the most common type, occurring in 80% of children with cerebral palsy
2. Dyskinesia: Involves involuntary movements affecting various body parts. Individuals with dyskinetic cerebral palsy experience difficulty controlling their body movements.
3. Ataxia: It’s the least common type of CP, and it is characterized by balance and coordination difficulties.
4. Mixed: Combination of symptoms from different CP types.

Patients with CP may often experience cognitive dysfunction, seizures, pressure ulcers, osteoporosis, behavioral issues, and speech/hearing impairment. Movement difficulties of CP can lead to secondary problems like hip pain, balance issues and hand dysfunction.

Cerebral Palsy diagnosis involves a thorough evaluation of medical history, physical examination, neurological assessment, developmental evaluations, imaging studies-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans, and
Electroencephalogram(EEG)-a brain test performed to rule out epilepsy, a common comorbidity with CP.

Cerebral Palsy has no cure but there are various Treatment options to manage the condition that include: intramuscular injections, muscle relaxants, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and physical/occupational therapies. Once cerebral palsy has been diagnosed, an instrument such as the Gross Motor Function Classification System can be used to assess severity and treatment response.

Assistive technology includes devices and tools designed to improve the independence and quality of life for individuals with disabilities. These technologies range from mobility aids and communication devices to adaptive software and hearing aids, promoting inclusivity and accessibility.

Physical Mobility Aids: Mobility aids such as walkers, canes, crutches, and wheelchairs are essential for enhancing the independence of individuals with cerebral palsy, tailored to their specific needs and severity of their condition.

Hearing Aids: Hearing devices, including cochlear implants and assistive listening devices, help individuals with cerebral palsy who experience hearing loss, improving their ability to hear and communicate effectively.

Writing Aids: Tools like weighted pens, gripping devices, and slanted writing boards assist individuals with cerebral palsy in writing more accurately by providing stability and support.

Eye-Tracking Software: This technology allows individuals with cerebral palsy to control computers and communicate using eye movements, offering an alternative means of interaction and fostering independence.

Keyboard Accessibility Aids: These aids help individuals with cerebral palsy navigate the internet and use computers more effectively, addressing the challenges they face with traditional input methods.

Intensive Rehabilitation: Starting in early childhood, intensive rehabilitation aims to improve muscle control, manage spasticity, and build confidence. Many children continue therapy into adulthood and this helps a great deal.

Physical and Occupational Therapy: Spasticity, characterized by stiff muscles, always limits movement in children with cerebral palsy. Physical therapists therefore use stretching and strengthening exercises to relax muscles, improve balance, and
enhance posture. Occupational therapists focus on hand coordination for tasks like writing and eating, helping children find creative solutions to daily challenges.

Speech Therapy: Speech–language pathologists help children with cerebral palsy improve their communication skills through exercises that enhance oral motor
abilities and language comprehension.

Recreation Therapy: This therapy enhances physical, cognitive, emotional, and social skills by integrating practical skills with enjoyable activities. It promotes independence and helps children feel more comfortable in social settings, often through outdoor activities or team sports like wheelchair basketball and swimming.

Living with cerebral palsy (CP) presents unique challenges, but it doesn’t define one’s ability to thrive. People with CP can still lead full and happy lives by taking care of both their body and mind. We have highlighted some practical self-help strategies to enhance the quality of life for individuals with CP:

Taking Care of Your Body:

• Regular Exercise: Adapted physical activities like swimming, yoga, or pecialized gym programs help maintain strength, flexibility, and balance. We encourage CP patients to consult a physical therapist for a personalized exercise plan and make use of the exercises to keep fit.
• Nutrition: A balanced diet provides essential energy for daily activities, body development and sustainability. People with CP need to maintain good diet rich in fruits,veges that provide essential vitamins and minerals like copper,calcium and magnesium.
• Rest and Sleep: Adequate sleep is crucial for physical and mental recovery. Establish a calming bedtime routine to improve sleep quality.
• Regular Check-ups: Consistent medical appointments help monitor the CP condition and manage symptoms effectively.

Mental well being:

• Mindfulness and Meditation: These practices reduce stress and anxiety. There are many apps and online resources offering guided meditation sessions and stress management strategies.
• Goal Setting: Its advisable that CP patients break down larger goals into smaller, achievable steps to boost their confidence and motivation.
• Building a Support Network: Connecting with others who understand the challenges of living with CP provides emotional support and practical advice to CP patients.
• Exploring Hobbies: Engaging in enjoyable activities improves overall mood and well-being.
• Positive Thinking: Challenging negative thoughts and replacing them with positive affirmations enhances one’s mental resilience.
• Seeking Professional Help: If mental health challenges persist, consulting a therapist or counselor can provide valuable support and guidance. We encourage CP patients to seek help to avoid depression and stress.

Living with cerebral palsy is a reality for many children and adults. While parents and caregivers may wonder about their loved one’s future, with adjustments and accommodations, families of affected patients and the patients themselves can learn to live with cerebral palsy. There are many people out there ready to help you walk through this journey!

References:

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: visit here

• The NHS website: visit here

• Cerebral Palsy Guide: visit here

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: visit here

• American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Cerebral palsy: visit here

• Cerebralpalsy.org: visit here

Guest Writer: Rhoda Mwikali
(Public Relations student- Masinde University of Science and Technology)